#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


class Fish {
 private:

	//You can ignore this line if you're not using C++11
	//	and replace the following refernces to prng with "rand()"
	//	found in the header <cstdlib>.
	static default_random_engine prng; //Pseudo-Random Number Generator (C++11)

	
	double weight; //weight of this fish, as a double
	string species; //species of this fish, stored as a string

	
	//Note: the constructor is private, as we don't need main() crateing fish this way.
	Fish(double w, string s) : weight(w), species(s) {
	}

	
 public:
 
	//Use to construct a fish of a random species, with random weight.
	//Syntax in main(): Fish::catchFish()
	static Fish catchFish() {
		string speciesArray[] = {"Tilapia", "Catfish", "Goldfish"}; //array of possible species
		string species = speciesArray[ prng() % 3 ]; //Pick a random element from ^this^ array.
		
		//Real fishs' weights are (likely) normally distributed. Ignore this and use prng
		//	(like done above for the species), if you don't care about real life distributions.
		//	In that case replce the next two lines with the following line:
		//	weight = 10 + (prng() % 21);
		normal_distribution<double> guass( 20.0, 3.0 );
		double weight = guass(prng);
		
		//Construct this fish using the private constructor, and return it.
		return Fish(weight, species);
	}
	
	
	//calculate the price of this fish
	double calculatePrice() const {
		double price = 1000 + weight * 200; //calculate "raw" price (using the requested formula)
		price = (int)(price * 100 + 0.5) / 100.0; //round price to the nearest cent
		return price;
	}
	
	
	//accessor methods
	double weigh() const {
		return weight;
	}
	
	string identify() const {
		return species;
	}
};

//Define static Fish member variable: prng
//	by seeding it with the current system time. (C++11)
//	If you're not using C++11 and you replaced prng with rand()
//	then ignore this line and replace it with a single call to
//	srand( time(NULL) );
//	in main(), before your first call to catchFish().
default_random_engine Fish::prng( time(NULL) );


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


int main() {
	//example: catch one fish and display its characteristics
	Fish fishy = Fish::catchFish();
	cout << "Species: " << fishy.identify() << '\n';
	cout << "Weight:  " << fishy.weigh() << " lbs\n";
	cout << "Price:   $" << fishy.calculatePrice() << '\n';
	
	//example: catch 100,000 fish, and count how many were heavier then 30 lbs
	//	and lighter then 10 lbs
	unsigned int N = 100000;
	unsigned int heavyCount = 0;
	unsigned int lightCount = 0;
	for( unsigned int i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
		Fish f = Fish::catchFish();
		if( f.weigh() > 30.0 )
			heavyCount++;
		else if( f.weigh() < 10.0 )
			lightCount++;
	}
	cout << "\n[Out of " << N << "]\n";
	cout << "Heavy Fish: " << heavyCount << " (" << (100.0 * heavyCount / N) << "%)\n";
	cout << "Light Fish: " << lightCount << " (" << (100.0 * lightCount / N) << "%)\n";
	
	return 0;
}